a- 8 ounces
b- 16 ounces
c- 32 ounces
d- 48 ounces
e- 64 ounces
152) "Gtt I OU TID" is a medical abbreviation that stands for
a- one drop in each eye three times a day
b- three drops in each eye three times a day
c- one drop in the right eye two times a day
d- one drop in each eye every day
e- three drops in the left eye three times a day
153) What is the quantity of drug present in a 5 mL injection with a concentration of 0.4%?
a-0.2 mg
b-2 mg
c-20 mg
d-200 mg
e-2000 mg
154) A thyroxine overdose can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to life-threatening, depending on the amount ingested and the individual's sensitivity. Which of the following given symptoms is NOT the symptom of thyroxine overdose?
a- Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
b- Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
c- tremors
d- constipation
e- dehydration
155) The virulence of a pathogen which refers to its ability to cause disease or harm to its host is usually measured by;
a. LD
b. MLD
c. ID
d. ID50
e. All of the above
156) What is the equivalent dose of atropine sulfate in micrograms if the prescriber ordered 0.4 mg SC q8h prn?
a- 100 micrograms
b- 200 micrograms
c- 400 micrograms
d- 800 micrograms
e- 1600 micrograms
157) A lipid profile is a blood test that measures various types of lipids in the bloodstream. Which factor in the lipid profile is the most important risk factor for coronary heart disease?
a- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
b- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
c- Total cholesterol
d- Triglycerides
e- All of the above
158) The antibodies that play a crucial role in protecting the developing fetus from infections, which are transferred from the mother's circulation to the baby's bloodstream, providing passive immunity in the first few months of life until the baby's own immune system matures?
a- IgD
b- IgM
c- IgG
d- IgA
e- IgE
159) A 50-year-old man with a history of celiac disease experiences chronic diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Blood tests reveal normal levels of IgG and IgM but a substantial decrease in IgA. Which of the following statements is MOST likely true regarding this patient's condition?
A. He is at higher risk for severe allergic reactions
B. He has a weakened immune response in the respiratory tract
C. His B cells are not producing any antibodies
D. He has a compromised immune response in the digestive tract
E. His celiac disease is in remission
160) 3 grams are equal to how many grains?
a- 15.4
b- 18.2
c- 30.3
d- 46.3
e- 61.7
161) The least abundant antibody in humans is;
a- Immunoglobulin G
b- Immunoglobulin E
c- Immunoglobulin D
d- Immunoglobulin M
e- Immunoglobulin A
162) Which of the following modifications (addition of functional groups) to the ranitidine structure might contribute most to converting it from an H2 antagonist to an H2 agonist?
a- NO2 (Nitro group)
b- CH2OH (Hydroxyl group)
c- CHNH2 (Aminomethyl group)
d- CHONH2 (Carbamimidoyl group)
e - both c and d
163) Approximately how many grams are there in three pounds?
a- 32 grams
b- 64 grams
c- 454 grams
d- 908 grams
e- 1362 grams
164) What is the underlying cause of blackheads?
a- obstruction of sebaceous glands
b- clogging of hair follicles
c- blockage of sweat glands
d- excessive consumption of oily foods
e- overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands
165) In the ER setting, a patient arrives with hypotension, high heart rate, elevated white blood cell count, and a rapid respiratory rate. The most likely initial fluid resuscitation choice for this patient would be:
a- Albumin colloid solution
b- Ringer lactate crystalloid solution
c- Dextrose 5% hypotonic solution
d- Hyper-tonic saline solution
e- Blood transfusion
166) Drugs are most likely to be stored in which part of the body?
a- fat tissue
b- proteins in the bloodstream
c- carbohydrates
d- all of the above
e- a and b only
167) Which of the following medication classes is known to constrict blood vessels?
A. Triptans
B. Beta-blockers
C. Antidepressants
D. Calcium channel blockers
E. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
168) Which of the following models of health most closely aligns with a physician who considers biological factors, psychological factors, and social determinants of health when treating a patient?
a- Biomedical Model
b- Biopsychosocial Model
c- Sociological Model
d- Psychological Model
e- Holistic Model
169) Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a powerful research tool, but they do have limitations. Which of the following is the limitation of conducting a randomized controlled trial?
a- require significant resources to design, implement, and monitor
b- difficult to control external variables that can influence both the intervention and the outcome, making it difficult to isolate the true effect of the intervention
c- their findings might not always be applicable to the broader population meaning limited generalizability
d- possibility of blinding challenges, selection bias and reporting bias
e- all the listed options are disadvantages of conducting RCTs
170) Which of the following strategies can be valuable for promoting behavior change in older adults?
a- asking the patient to explain back information you've provided in their own words
b- breaking down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable pieces
c- use of shorter sessions to make them less overwhelming and improve focus
d- using pictures or diagrams instead of just words
e- all these strategies can be valuable for promoting behavior change in older adults
171) The continued use of calcium channel blockers would be MOST concerning in certain situation(s) in patients due to potential negative effects?
a- heart failure
b- chronic kidney disease
c- myocardial Infarction
d- recurrent strokes
e- all of the options
172) Out of the given oral blood-thinning pills, which one typically needs a short course of injections with a different blood thinner first (for about a week) before you start taking the pill to achieve effective therapeutic anticoagulation?
A. Edoxaban
B. Dabigatran
C. Warfarin
D. Rivaroxaban
E. Apixaban
173) Among the following pharmacoeconomic studies, identify the simplest form of economic evaluation in healthcare because it assumes that the interventions being compared have equivalent clinical effectiveness. In other words, it focuses solely on the costs associated with each intervention, without considering any differences in health outcomes.
a- Cost-benefit analysis
b- Cost-minimization analysis
c- Cost-effectiveness analysis
d- Cost-utility analysis
e- Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
174) A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease presents to the emergency department experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath. Initial blood tests reveal elevated cardiac enzymes, suggestive of a heart attack. Which of the following medication classes would be LEAST appropriate to administer intravenously in this acute setting?
A. Nitrates
B. Beta-blockers
C. Aspirin
D. Calcium channel blockers
E. Morphine
175) The immunoglobulins primarily involved in allergic reactions;
a- IgG
b- IgM
c- IgA
d- IgE
e- IgD
----------- Continued
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Answer Keys
MCQ # - Correct option
151- c
152- a
153- c
154- d
155- e
156- c
157- b
158- c
159- D
160- d
161- b
162- e
163- e
164- e
The correct answer is overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands.
Reason:
- Sebaceous glands are located throughout our skin and produce sebum, an oily substance that helps keep our skin moist and supple.
- When sebum production is excessive, it can clog hair follicles, creating a plug.
- If the opening of the plugged follicle remains open (exposed to air), the sebum oxidizes and darkens, turning the blockage into a blackhead.
The other options are less likely to be the primary cause of blackheads:
a- obstruction of sebaceous glands: This could be a consequence of excessive sebum production, but it's not the initial cause.
b- clogging of hair follicles: This is essentially the result of excess sebum along with dead skin cells.
c- blockage of sweat glands: Sweat glands are separate structures from sebaceous glands and don't directly contribute to blackheads.
d- excessive consumption of oily foods: While diet can influence sebum production to some extent, it's not usually the sole cause of blackheads. Genetics and hormonal fluctuations can also play a role.
165- b
166- a
167- A
168- b
169- e
170- e
171- e
172- B
173- b
174- D
175- d
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